Thinking about think tanks in the South Caucasus: A New Series

28 September 2015
SERIES Thinking about think tanks in the South Caucasus 7 items

[Editor’s note: This is the first post in the series Thinking about Think Tanks in the South Caucasus, edited by CRRC-Georgia’s Dustin Gilbreath.  The series explores the think tank landscape in the South Caucasus as a region as well as in each of the countries – Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia.]

Starting from similarly troubled slates at the turn of independence, the countries in the South Caucasus –Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia– have diverged over the last 25 years, and the region is an interesting case of divergence despite similarity. While in Azerbaijan the government is squeezing the last bit of free expression from the country, Georgia, despite its problems, is by far the freest place in the region. Armenia still has space for engagement, but it is not as open as Georgia.

Perhaps unsurprising, the think tank landscape in the region mirrors the context in each country. While Georgia enjoys a vibrant think tank sector (despite its shortcomings), Azerbaijan has, in recent years, shuttered many of the independent organisations which produced policy research just as it first shuttered independent media outlets. In Armenia, thinktankers have limited channels to reach decision makers or see policy proposals enacted, but there is still room for manoeuvre.

Georgia clearly has the strongest sector of the three countries and it will likely remain so for the foreseeable future. When it comes to impact, it is clear that policy researchers are taken seriously. Just to provide one recent, rather specific, example, the Ministry of Finance felt the need to respond to a series of roughly 300 word blog posts from a Transparency International – Georgia analyst on the miscalculation of the budget deficit (see herehere, and here for the blog posts by Transparency International and see here and here for the responses from the Government). While no doubt an important issue, 300 words on a blog caused a change in course – the government started calculating the budget deficit the way they were supposed to again.

Policy research more generally is taken seriously, and it isn’t uncommon for multiple high level officials to be at presentations and conferences. This stems in part from the relatively open institutional environment, but also from the strength of international organisations here, which amply back local organisations. In the medium term though, this backing is going to be a larger question as the county develops, particularly as it will soon be declared an upper-middle income country.

In stark contrast to Georgia, there is hardly any room for policy entrepreneurship in Azerbaijan. In addition to the widely covered imprisoning of journalists, think tanks and many of the organisations which have supported them have been shuttered in recent years. A Russian style NGO law has kept organisations which had funding from spending it. It’s gotten to the point where at least one organisation considered carrying a suitcase of money across the border to keep projects going.

Armenia is something of the middle path in the region. Policy researchers are capable of impact, but the pathways to influence are fewer than in Georgia. Organisations can say what they want, but whether anyone is listening is a question. Informal ties, as in Georgia and elsewhere in the world, play an important role.

Contributors

This series will me composed of the following posts:

The lay of the land: An interview with Hans Gutbrod on think tanks in the South Caucasus, by Dustin Gilbreath

This interview with Hans Gutbrod introduces the three South Caucasus countries and the think tank landscape from an insider perspective to the On Think Tanks readership. The interview looks specifically at: 1) how think tanks have developed over time in the region; 2) the different institutional landscapes in each country and opportunities for think tanks given the institutional environment; 3) what the challenges are to be overcome and where will the think tank sector be headed in the region in the coming years.

Think tanks in Armenia: Who needs their thinking? by Yevgenya Jenny Paturyan

Think tanks are considered to be an important part of civil society: providers and keepers of expertise on important social, economic, environmental, political and other issues. Similarly to other Armenian civil society organisations, think tanks are fairly institutionalised, but detached from the public. One might argue that it is not a problem. Their main clients are decision-makers: in the case of Armenia this would be the Armenian government and international development organisations. Both turn to think tanks from time to time, but the outputs produced are for internal consumption, making it very hard for think tanks to a) establish themselves in the public eye and b) to improve their quality, as there is no equivalent of peer-review. As a result, Armenian think tanks remain virtually unknown to the public, including to important segments of the public such as journalists, students, scholars, and others who would clearly benefit from think tank generated, systematised and stored information. They also suffer from a negative perception, which the general public holds of the entire civil society sector: “the grant eaters – harmless at best, sellouts pursuing someone’s hidden agenda at the worst.”

The development of Azerbaijani think tanks and their role in public policy discourse by Zaur Shiriyev

The establishment of local think tanks in Azerbaijan was a phenomenon that began in the mid-2000s. In the decade after independence in 1991, Western-oriented or international NGOs had been effectively the only source of policy analysis in Azerbaijan. However, unlike Western-funded NGOs or national chapters of Western NGOs, local Azerbaijani think tanks had different goals and modes of operation. In particular, the functions of government-funded or supported think tanks were essentially limited to promoting the party line and strengthening the government’s international image. This piece will analyse the current role of think tanks in public discussion in Azerbaijan, including an assessment of their strengths and weaknesses.

Do Think Tanks in Georgia lobby on behalf foreign powers?by Till Bruckner

There is a growing literature on some donors’ use of think tanks as lobbying tools, and the arguably blurred line between think tanks and lobbyists. However, this discussion is largely confined to think tanks in wealthy country. Using examples from Georgia, this blog will argue that think tanks frequently function as lobbying tools in less developed countries as well.

Language and Audience: Common challenges demand common solutions, by Dustin Gilbreath

This post reflects on an emerging issue across the series. Think tanks in the region face a common challenge of language and audiences that demand common solutions. Across the region, but markedly in Armenia and Azerbaijan the production of research outputs in English create a barrier of access to the general public as well as to many policymakers and researchers. This limits think tanks’ own audiences. Think Tank Review, a British initiative, offers a model that could be useful in the region.

Being a specialised think tank in Georgia by World Experience for Georgia 

In the final post of the series, World Experience for Georgia will share the experience of being a specialised think tank, focused on energy, in Georgia.