{"id":640,"date":"2015-06-01T19:55:05","date_gmt":"2015-06-01T19:55:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/onthinktanks.org\/?p=640"},"modified":"2016-01-15T00:19:40","modified_gmt":"2016-01-15T00:19:40","slug":"women-in-think-tanks-in-peru-conversations-with-cynthia-sanborn-and-maria-balarin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/onthinktanks.org\/articles\/women-in-think-tanks-in-peru-conversations-with-cynthia-sanborn-and-maria-balarin\/","title":{"rendered":"Women in Think Tanks in Peru: Conversations with Cynthia Sanborn and Mar\u00eda Balar\u00edn"},"content":{"rendered":"
[Editor\u2019s note: This\u00a0post\u00a0was written by Meghan Froehner, on this this\u00a0occasion\u00a0based on interviews with<\/em>\u00a0Cynthia Sanborn, Director of\u00a0Universidad de Pacifico\u2019s research centre (<\/a>CIUP)<\/a>, and\u00a0Maria Balar\u00edn, Associate Researcher at the\u00a0Grupo de An\u00e1lisis para el Desarrollo\u00a0(GRADE)<\/a>.<\/em>]<\/em><\/p>\n This post\u00a0is based on interview feedback from two women thinktankers based in Lima, Peru. Cynthia Sanborn is the Director of the\u00a0Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n de la Universidad del Pac\u00edfico\u00a0<\/a>(CIUP), the research centre housed at the University of the Pacific, and Maria Balar\u00edn is an Associate Researcher at the\u00a0Grupo de An\u00e1lisis para el Desarrollo<\/a>\u00a0(GRADE). The researchers offer their views\u00a0on gender dynamics in think tanks on issues such as overt and subtle biases, the role of care, and pipeline challenges. They also put forward\u00a0possible strategies for addressing gender issues, including affirmative action, mentorship, assessments, mobilisation strategies, and the promotion of new ways of thinking about workers\u2019 identities. Their feedback reflects the diversity and nuance of experiences among thinktankers illustrated throughout this series and provides a similarly diverse set of responses that could be effective depending on regional context, organisational structure, work cultures among other factors.<\/p>\n I spoke with Dr Sanborn who provided her perspective as Director of one the top think tanks in Peru and as a founding member of\u00a0Grupo Sof\u00eda<\/a>, a voluntary organisation that works to improve the visibility of women in the social sciences in Peru.<\/p>\n Sanborn, recognising that gender diversity might be lacking at CIUP, began by using the organisation\u2019s annual report as an occasion to measure and track women\u2019s representation. She cited this as a critical first step for organisations trying to get a hold on and improve their gender dynamics.<\/p>\n CIUP currently has nearly equal representation of men and women among its research assistants (44 per cent are women), but has fewer women in senior positions, where they make up a third of researchers. She attributed the underrepresentation of women in senior positions to various factors including generational changes, discrimination and sexism, pipeline issues and the balance of work and care activities.<\/p>\n Sanborn spoke about discrimination and casual sexism that still pervades in Peru. She noted that there seems to be a generational shift away from direct forms of discrimination, with younger male workers adopting more egalitarian views of their female colleagues. What does persist are more subtle barriers to women advancing, such as being overlooked in meetings or in the organisation of conferences and assumptions about researchers\u2019 commitment to their work when they adjust their schedules around care activities.<\/p>\n She\u00a0argued\u00a0that a key tool for recognising barriers and raising awareness, which is at the unique disposal of research organisations and think tanks, is having discrimination as an issue area for research and debate. CIUP has, indeed, had discrimination as a line of priority work for six years, conducting both testimonial and experimental research as part of the\u00a0Peru Sin Discriminaci\u00f3n<\/a>\u00a0project. Sanborn believes that research in this field has helped to raise staff\u2019s sensitivity to gender disparities, as well as racial and ethnic differences among others.<\/p>\n Part of the problem of today\u2019s underrepresentation of women in senior position is\u00a0a lack of a\u00a0pipeline of female scholars<\/em>\u00a0in the past. Another aspect of this\u00a0issue\u00a0is that there is now more competition in Peru for talented scholars in the public sector and women are being courted by new government agencies such as the Ministries for Social Inclusion and the Ministry for Women\u2019s and Vulnerable Populations. A final challenge to the pipeline has to do with\u00a0where women see openings for themselves professionally now and in the future.<\/p>\n Women might not imagine that they would get the professional support they need at institutions when they do not see other women working. This dynamic is played out in how women are represented in research areas within the social sciences as well. Women tend to be more highly represented in the fields of anthropology, sociology and social policy while steering away from more male dominated fields of economics, public works and engineering, and foreign policy.<\/p>\n CIUP has tried to address these pipeline issues by making conscious efforts to help women researchers feel supported and not marginalised within the institution. They do this by engaging women researchers in CIUP activities, promoting them for grants and graduate studies, and supporting their work for publication.<\/p>\n Echoing commentary from\u00a0Priyanthi Fernando<\/a>\u00a0in our second post, Sanborn points out that in theory, research positions can be more family-friendly than in other sectors, because key phases of the work can be carried out from home or from anywhere with a computer and internet connection and at any time of the day.<\/p>\n There is much less need to be in an office everyday than other fields, especially in the writing stages, which is largely an individual process with collaboration taking place in the form of edits and commentary sent via e-mail. However, the implications of this can be that work runs into all parts of personal life and become a twenty-four hour practice. Additionally, in the case of university-based think tanks, such as CIUP, where teaching is a big part of researcher\u2019s duties, or for thinktankers whose positions involve other duties like management, outreach or research dissemination, more time in the office might be a necessity.<\/p>\n Sanborn mentioned that women may be more comfortable asking a women supervisor to exercise flex-time options, which underlines that having more women in leadership positions will help perpetuate more equitable representation of men and women.<\/p>\n She\u00a0has noted an uptick in men also requesting flex-time for care activities in recent years and hopes this indicates a shift towards more equitable divisions of care. A cultural shift towards more equal sharing of care labour, although beyond the scope of institutional interventions, would relieve pressure for women to compete in a predominantly male breadwinner model in the workplace, where workers are assumed to be fully supported by a committed household and with no responsibilities of their own beyond formal work.<\/p>\n Lastly, Sanborn and I discussed possible interventions and institutional policies that foster better gender equity. Her feedback centred around four different types of interventions:<\/p>\n Soon after my conversation with Cynthia Sanborn, I had the opportunity to speak with Mar\u00eda Balar\u00edn of\u00a0GRADE<\/a>\u00a0who is also is an active member of the\u00a0Grupo Sof\u00eda<\/a>\u00a0and author of a useful chapter in the group\u2019s recent publication that\u00a0reviews the international literature available on women in the social sciences<\/a>.<\/p>\n Our conversation began with a discussion on how to structure thinking around women\u2019s participation and ascension in think tanks. An essential consideration, Balar\u00edn noted, is that think tanks, in contrast to academia for example, do not have a clear career progression. The lack of a structured career path and the fact that think tankers can come from highly varied backgrounds makes identifying challenges in the achievement of gender equity a complex project.<\/p>\n Specifically, in Maria\u2019s organisation, there is no salary structure for senior researchers and each fundraise their own projects. As such, researchers tend to work very independently unless they are collaborating on a specific project.<\/p>\n Senior researchers are most often hired through networks and there are no open calls for senior research posts. Many senior researchers initially entered the institution as research assistants. Research assistants are hired separately by each researcher on a project basis rather than through an application to the organisation itself. The fragmentation of the hiring and research processes in this way would make it difficult to institutionalise policies on diversity for hiring or promotion.<\/p>\n For Balar\u00edn,\u00a0specific institutionalised interventions might not serve their purpose or may prove to be insufficient because gender barriers in workplaces, in think tanks and in general, often manifest in the form of subtle behaviours and attitudes.<\/p>\n These include the valuing of masculine attitudes and behaviours and heightened judgement of women workers who demonstrate their role as carers. Women who discuss their care responsibilities or adjust their work schedule around school schedules may create an impression of weakness and lesser competence or commitment. The trouble with this is that it is difficult to impossible for women to know exactly how their performance of themselves as carers is affecting how their co-workers view them. Women may attempt to exhibit more highly valued masculine qualities, such as strong assertiveness, competitiveness, and dedication to work above all else, but must tread carefully on this path or risk being labelled as difficult, aggressive, or as taking themselves too seriously. Research on this theme is elaborated further in her\u00a0paper<\/a>.<\/p>\n It is worth noting some of the key findings from her study as they provide critical insights into the nuances of the nature of women\u2019s experience in academia -and also applies to many think tanks:<\/p>\n Balar\u00edn, like Sanborn, offers some practical recommendations for action:<\/p>\n The fifth post in our series on women in think tanks draws on interview feedback from two women thinktankers working in Peru. Cynthia Sanborn contributes her perspective as the Director of CIUP, emphasising organisational assessments of diversity and the crucial role of providing spaces for women researchers to maintain the same level of visibility as male researchers, as well as the possible role of donors in supporting organizations gender equity efforts. Maria Balar\u00edn shares her perspective from her work at GRADE as well as her research findings from a recent publication on women in the social sciences, emphasising the importance of recognising and addressing subtle institutionalised gender dynamics prevalent across professional fields.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"tags":[177,175,194,231,176],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/onthinktanks.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/640"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/onthinktanks.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/onthinktanks.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/onthinktanks.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/onthinktanks.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=640"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/onthinktanks.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/640\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/onthinktanks.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=640"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/onthinktanks.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=640"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Cynthia Sanborn<\/h2>\n
Where to start?<\/h3>\n
How do you recognise and deal with sexism and discrimination within an organisation?<\/h3>\n
What are the pipeline issues for women in think tanks?<\/h3>\n
How do think tanks treat workers with care responsibilities?<\/h3>\n
What interventions are effective for increasing women\u2019s presence and influence?<\/h3>\n
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Mar\u00eda Balar\u00edn<\/h2>\n
Thinking about women in think tanks<\/h3>\n
What types of barriers do women thinktankers face?<\/h3>\n
Selected Findings from Balarin\u2019s paper that further the discussion<\/h3>\n
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What steps could be taken towards improving gender equity?<\/h3>\n
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